![]() Referring to the Gross model, suppression denotes continuous efforts to inhibit one’s expression of emotions and this approach falls under the response modulation process. In the past decades, many strategies have been identified to regulate sadness and negative emotions, including adaptive and non-adaptive strategies. Hence, those who use expression suppression approach are more likely to suffer from negative emotions and greater physiological responses, while others who use reappraisal approach experience more positive emotions. For instance, one with depression tends to suppress expression of emotions, which is unfortunately ineffectual in mitigating sadness. Distinct variations were noted in spontaneous and consistent use of the varied emotion regulation strategies. Gross and John and Gross emphasised on two strategies suppression and cognitive reappraisal. These strategies are deployed during response modulation, such as deep breathing during a panic attack and suppressing a fearful facial expression. On the other hand, response-focused strategies are implemented during the onset of full emotion. The antecedent-focused strategies include situation selection (e.g., avoiding a horror movie), situation modification (e.g., bringing a friend to a social event to decrease social anxiety), attentional deployment (e.g., thinking about the beach while being stuck in a boring meeting), and cognitive change (e.g., reappraising a party as non-threatening situation). This model presents two families of emotion regulation strategies, namely antecedent-focused and response-focused.Īntecedent-focused strategies are implemented before an emotion completely unfolds and reaches its full force. The model is composed of a collection of strategies used by people to modulate their emotions. Theoretically, sadness regulation-part of emotion regulation–is explained in a model proposed by Gross, in which Gross defined emotion regulation as “the processes by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express these emotions” (p. Nonetheless, adults who are easily influenced by sadness elicitors, especially those with personalised perception of situations that evoke sadness, tend to become vulnerable to increased sadness reactions. High prevalence of sadness, which is conceivably adaptive later in adulthood, may stimulate social support and ease detachment from impractical goals. Those affected require intervention to prevent succumbing to psychological disorders, such as depression, as a result of persistent sadness. On the other hand, sadness can motivate individuals to seek help as they express their feelings to others. ![]() Sadness emerging from failure may cause some people to quit their goals primarily because sadness provokes withdrawal tendencies, apart from feeling helpless and powerless. Those who often experience sadness in life tend to experience psychological and behavioural responses to sadness, which are associated with various implications connected to self-regulation. Sadness has been perceived as a normative and evolutionary response to adapt to loss. The capability to efficiently regulate or mitigate sadness and other negative emotions following a loss is, therefore, important because constant negative emotions can lead to psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. ![]() The challenges faced by individuals coping with negative emotions throughout their lives, including sadness, are immense. ![]() Sadness particularly occurs when a goal is not met or something of importance is lost. Sadness stems from negative emotions, withdrawal emotions or even internalising emotions. Sadness is a basic human emotion elicited in response to negative life events or experience of loss. ![]()
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